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Joseph Turner (1701–1783) was a seaman, merchant, iron manufacturer, and politician in colonial and post-colonial Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Turner was born in 1701 in Hampshire, England. He came to America in January 1714 without his parents. Early Philadelphia records identify him as a sea captain in 1724 and a businessman in 1726. For many decades prior to the American Revolution, he was in business with Chief Justice William Allen; their firm, Allen & Turner, was one of the most important in the colonies. Turner entered into trade agreements and iron mining and manufacture ventures, including the Union Iron Works in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, at present-day High Bridge, New Jersey.〔(Union Furnace, at Hunterdon County Department of Parks )〕 With Allen and others, Turner participated in the importation and trade of slaves, which was then legal.〔(Joseph Turner at Afrolumens.org )〕 Turner was also involved in politics. He was elected as a Philadelphia city councilman in 1729, an alderman in 1741, and a member of Pennsylvania's Provincial Council in 1747. In 1745, Abram Taylor was elected mayor of Philadelphia, then a non-paying office, but declined to serve, for which he was fined thirty pounds; Council then elected Turner to the office but he likewise refused it, for which he was similarly fined. Turner was a member of Benjamin Franklin's Junto and of the Dancing Assembly of 1748.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Clothing of the 18th Century )〕 He was also a founder in 1749 of the Academy and Charitable School of Philadelphia, and then of the College (now the University of Pennsylvania); he served as a trustee of these institutions until his death in 1783. During the American Revolution, Turner remained a staunch loyalist. ==See also== *Graeme Park 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Turner (loyalist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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